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Category:Old English: Difference between revisions
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{{Language Category}} | |||
[[Category: | '''Old English''' ('''''Englisċ'''''), also known as '''Anglo-Saxon''' language, is the earliest recorded form of the {{tag|English|English language}}, spoken in {{tag|England}} and southern and eastern {{tag|Scotland}} in the early {{tag|Middle Ages}}, also known as the Medieval period. It was brought to [[:Category:United Kingdom|Great Britain]] by {{tag|Anglo-Saxon}} settlers in the mid-5th century. After the {{Wp|Norman Conquest}} of {{Wp|Category:1066 in the United Kingdom|1066}}, for a time, English was replaced by Anglo-Norman (a relative of [[:Category:French|French]]) as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English or Medieval era, since during this period, the English language was heavily influenced by {{Wp|History of England#Norman England|Anglo-Norman}}, developing into a phase known now as {{Wp|Middle English}} in England and {{Wp|Early Scots}} in Scotland. | ||
Old English developed from a set of {{tag|Anglo-Frisian}} or {{tag|Ingvaeonic}} dialects originally spoken by {{tag|Germanic}} tribes; traditionally known as the {{tag|Angles}}, {{tag|Saxons}}, and {{tag|Jutes}}. As the Germanic settlers became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of {{tag|Roman Britain}} (Latin: ''Provincia Britannia''): {{tag|Common Brittonic}}, a then native {{tag|Celtic}} language; and [[:Category:Latin|Latin]], brought to Britain by {{tag|Roman invasion}}. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: {{tag|Mercian}}, {{tag|Northumbrian}}, {{tag|Kentish}}, and {{tag|West Saxon}}. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian, and Scots from Northumbrian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong {{tag|Old Norse}} influence due to [[:Category:Scandinavia|Scandinavian]] rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century. | |||
Old English is one of the {{tag|West Germanic}} languages; and its closest relatives are [[:Category:Old Frisian|Old Frisian]] and [[:Category:Old Saxon|Old Saxon]]. Like other old {{tag|Germanic language}}s, it is very different from Modern English and Modern Scots, and largely incomprehensible for Modern English or Modern Scots speakers without study. Within Old English grammar nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs, have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer. The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a {{tag|runic}} system, but from about the 8th century, this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet. | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:English, Old}} | |||